Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Eiseman, Silen, Bascom.... Report of the first "fecal transplant / fecal therapy," also known as "faecal microbiota transplanation," for recurrent / resistant C. difficile colitis. Eiseman and Bascom were surgeons; this could explain why this paper on infectious disease was published in the journal Surgery. When published in 1958 this treatment was considered "extremely radical" and was widely criticized. Several decades later the technique eventually became the "therapy of choice" in the 21st century for particularly virulent C. difficile infections.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)