Historical Bibliography Updated: June 16, 2026
Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.
Publication Details
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA), 87, 4576-4579. 1990 CE.
(Order of authorship in the original publication: Woese, Kandler, Wheelis.) Introduction of the three-domain biological classification system that divides cellular life into three forms or domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Archaea and bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms, or single-celled organisms, the cells of which have no nucleus. The Eukarya domain includes all life that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and multicellular organisms
(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
Digital facsimile from pnas.org at this link.
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Thematic Classifications
| Catalog Metadata | Reference Information |
|---|---|
| Entry Number | #12301 |
| Permanent Link | https://hom-sveltekit.fly.dev/entry/14523 |
| Author Bio Link | Wikipedia ↗ |
| External URL | towards-a-natural-system-of-organisms-proposal-for-the-domains-archaea-bacteria-and-eucarya |