Essai d’un traitement chirurgical de certaines psychoses.

Prefrontal leucotomy (lobotomy). Translation in J. Neurosurg., 1964, 21, 1110-14. See also Egas Moniz's book Tentatives opératoires dans le traitement de certaines psychoses, Paris, 1936. His name was originally Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire; the name of Egas Moniz, a Portuguese national hero, was added at his baptism.

In 1949 Egas Moniz shared the Nobel Prize with Hess "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses."