Facets

1966 CE

#14064

"Fertile" intestine nuclei.

Gurdon and Uehlinger replaced the cell nucleus of frog ova with frog intestinal nuclei to generate tadpoles, some of which became fertile adult male and female frogs. In 2012 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine …

1981 CE

#14183

Computer averaging of electron micrographs of the 405 ribosomal subunit.

Frank and colleagues developed a method that allows sorting of particle images into classes based on their orientation, as well as their structural features. Specifically Frank developed mathematical tools used for im…

2002 CE

#8706

Darwin Online. The complete works of Charles Darwin, edited by John van Wyhe.

http://darwin-online.org.uk/AboutUs.html Darwin's Complete Publications Books Origin of Species, Voyage of the Beagle, Descent of Man... Articles Volcanic, Darwin-Wallace paper... Published Letters Life and letters, D…

2003 CE

#14300

Design of a novel globular protein fold with atomic-level accuracy.

Called, "the breakthrough in computational de novo protein design." This was the proof of concept paper that computers and AI could be used to predict protein structures accurately and much faster than with convention…

1981 CE

#13285

Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos.

Evans and Kauffman were the first to identify, isolate and successfully culture embryonic stem cells using mouse blastocysts. This discovery opened the doors to the creation of “murine genetic models” -- m…

1778 CE–1793 CE

#8222

Geographische Geschichte des Menschen und der allgemein verbreiteten vierfüßigen Thiere: nebst einer hieher gehörigen Zoologischen Weltcharte. 3 vols.

Digital facsimile from the Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.

1953 CE

#256.4

Helical structure of crystalline deoxypentose nucleic acid.

In 1962 Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Crick and Watson "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living…

2021 CE

#14026

Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold.

Abstract: "Proteins are essential to life, and understanding their structure can facilitate a mechanistic understanding of their function. Through an enormous experimental effort1,2,3,4, the structures of around 100,0…

2006 CE

#13287

Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.

Takahashi and Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. This they a…

1912 CE

#6917

Interferenz-Erscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen. . . . Eine quantitative Prüfung der Theorie für die Interferenz-Erscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen

Discovery of the diffraction of X-rays in crystals. Laue’s discovery was of dual importance: it allowed the subsequent investigation of X-radiation by means of wavelength determination, and it provided the means…

1935 CE

#2524.5

Isolation of a crystalline protein possessing the properties of tobacco-mosaic virus.

Stanley first crystallized a virus— tobacco mosaic virus. The following year Bawden, Pirie, Bernal and Fankuchen (No. 12005) showed that tobacco mosaic virus molecules are asnisometric and consist of ribonucleop…

1955 CE

#6928

The crystal structure of the hexacarboxylic acid derived from B12 and the molecular structure of the vitamin.

The final structure of vitamin B12. With J. Pickworth, J.H. Robertson, K.N. Trueblood, R.J. Prosen, J. G. White. In 1964 Hodgkin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of …

1926 CE

#14025

The isolation and crystallization of the enzyme urease.

Sumner first isolated and crystallized an enzyme (urease) and proved that enzymes are proteins. One month after publication of the above paper Sumner reinforced his discovery by recrystalizing urease, publishing a fol…

1913 CE

#6920

The reflection of x-rays by crystals.

Discovery of X-ray crystallography. The father and son team of physicists, William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg, constructed the first X-ray spectrometer using crystals as gratings, using a known wavelength …

1975 CE

#14182

Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy.

The invention of Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The novel technique was achieved by "by applying the method to tilted specimens, and using the principles put forward by De Rosier and Klug (GM - 13935), for t…