Facets

1914 CE

#741.2

On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood of living animals by dialysis.

Hemodialysis. See also No. 1976. Preliminary communication in Trans Ass. Amer. Phycns., 1913, 28, 51-4. "Together with L.G. Rowntree and B.B. Turner, Abel devised what they called a "vividiffusion" apparatus, consisti…

1802 CE

#1488

On the theory of light and colours.

Young, the “Father of physiological optics”, established the wave theory of light, explaining the phenomena of interference and dispersion.

1942 CE

#14239

On the utilization of acetic acid for cholesterol formation.

See also, Rittenberg & Bloch, "The Utilization of Acetic Acid for the Synthesis of Fatty Acids," J. Biol. Chem. 160, 1945, 417-424. Bloch, "The Biological Conversion of Cholesterol to Pregnanediol," J. Biol. Chem. 157…

1845 CE

#1504

On the vision of objects on and in the eye.

An introduction to the then little-known subject of catoptrics.

1987 CE

#12997

Operation Everest II: Man at extreme altitude.

In 1985 Houston, Sutton and Cymerman and colleagues in Canada used a decompression chamber to simulate a seven week ascent of Mt. Everest. This appears to be their first paper summarizing the overall results. Many pub…

1572 CE

#10937

Opticae thesaurus: Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primum editi; Eiusdem liber De Crepusculis et nubium ascensionibus. Edited by Friedrich Risner.

The Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age Alhazen made significant contributions to the principles of optics and the theory of visual perception in his Opticae thesaurus. Risner's edi…

1613 CE

#13260

Opticorum libri sex philosophis juxta ac mathematicis utiles.

This work, beautifully printed by the Plantin-Moretus Press, includes an engraved title page and illustrations heading each chapter by Peter Paul Rubens. It contains one of the first studies of binocular vision. Digit…

1563 CE–1564 CE

#1093

Opuscula anatomica.

Eustachius is credited with several anatomical discoveries, among them the tensor tympani muscle and the Eustachian tube, published in his chapter entitled De auditus organis. In the last respect, however, he was anti…

1982 CE

#11037

Origins of clinical chemistry: The evolution of protein analysis.

1648 CE

#665

Ortus medicinae.

Helmont was one of the founders of biochemistry. He was the first to realize the physiological importance of ferments and gases, and indeed invented the word “gas”. He introduced the gravimetric idea in th…

1877 CE

#698

Osmotische Untersuchungen.

The osmotic pressures of solutions were found by Pfeffer to be directly in proportion to the concentration of the solute and to the absolute temperature. English translation, 1895.

1902 CE–1904 CE

#725

Osmotischer Druck und Ionenlehre in den medicinischen Wissenschaften. 3 vols.

Includes an account of all the methods of determining osmotic pressure.

2012 CE

#12804

Oswaldus Crollius und Daniel Sennert im frühneuzeitlichen Istanbul: Studien zur Rezeption des Paracelsismus im Werk des osmanischen Arztes Salih b. Nasrullāh Ibn Sallūm al-Halabī

Study of the "Al-Ṭibb al-jadīd al-kīmiyāʼī alladhī ikhtaraʻahu Barākalsūs (The new chemical medicine invented by Paracelsus), an Arabic compendium of alchemical works from early modern Europe by Salih ibn Nasrallah al…

1912 CE

#741

Oxidations and reductions in the animal body.

1907 CE

#3781

Pathogénie de l’ictère de l’adulte.

“Minkowski–Chauffard disease” (see No. 3779).

2002 CE

#14292

Peptidotriazoles on Solid Phase: [1,2,3]-Triazoles by Regiospecific Copper(I)-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Terminal Alkynes to Azides.

In 2022 Morten Meldal shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Carolyn Bertozzi and Barry Sharpless for the discovery of click chemistry. Simultaneously, but independently of Sharpless, the authors discovered that cop…

1990 CE

#14340

Phage antibodies: Filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains.

Working in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Cambridge University, Winter became interested in the idea that all antibodies have the same basic structure, with only small changes making them specific for one targ…

1929 CE

#751

Phosphorus compounds of muscle and liver.

Discovery of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP).

1871 CE

#10483

Physical effects of compressed air, and of the causes of pathological symptoms produced on man, by increased atmospheric pressure employed for the sinking of piers, in the construction of the Illinois and St. Louis Bridge over the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri.

Study of caisson disease and its treatement resulting from experience in treating workmen constructing the Eads Bridge, which opened in 1874. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

1902 CE

#724

Physikalische Chemie der Zelle und Gewebe.

1913 CE

#957

Physiological observations made on Pike’s Peak, Colorado, with special reference to adaptation to low barometric pressures.

1881 CE

#701

Physiologische Chemie.

Hoppe-Seyler, one of the greatest of the physiological chemists, founded the Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie and wrote a classical textbook on the subject.

2019 CE

#12325

Pioneering British women chemists: Their lives and contributions.

1793 CE

#594

Premier mémoire sur la respiration des animaux.

Séguin and Lavoisier measured the metabolism of a man (Séguin himself). They made three observations of fundamental importance in this respect; that the intensity of oxidation in man is dependent upon (1…

1953 CE

#7383

Production of amino acids under possible primitive earth conditions.

The Miller–Urey experiment or Miller experiment, a classic experiment investigating abiogenesis, simulated the conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested the chemical origin of l…

1924 CE

#7384

Proiskhozhedenie Zhizni.

Oparin’s central thesis was that the first organisms to emerge in the anaerobic environment of the primitive Earth must have been heterotrophic bacteria. He proposed that life had been preceded by a lengthy peri…

1951 CE

#13723

Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.

The Lowry protein assay, a biochemical assay for determining the total level of protein in a solution. As of 2015 this paper was considered the most highly-cited paper in the scientific literature with over 310,000 ci…

1888 CE

#712

Ptomaines and leucomaines, or the putrefactive and physiological alkaloids.

1848 CE

#680

Quantitative Bestimmung des Zuckers im Harn.

Fehling’s test for sugar in the urine.

1946 CE

#14317

Radioactive Element 94 from deuterons on uranium.

"This letter was received for publication on the date indicated (January 28, 1941), but was voluntarily withheld from publication until the end of the war." Seaborg and McMillan discovered element 94, which they named…

1924 CE

#9334

Radiochemical method of studying the circulation of lead in the body.

First application of radioactive tracers in animals, specifically rabbits and guinea pigs. See also Hevesy et al, "Radiochemical method of studying the circulation of bismuth in the body," C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 178…

1939 CE

#3787.2

Radiotherapy in Hodgkin’s disease (malignant granulomatosis). Anatomic and clinical foundations; governing principles; results.

Gilbert was among the first to achieve durable responses to radiotherapy in Hodgkin’s disease.

1920 CE

#744

Rapid colorimetric methods for the determination of phosphorus in urine and blood.

1804 CE

#145.54

Recherches chimiques sur la végétation.

In this foundation work on phytochemistry, Saussure analysed the chief active components of plants, their synthesis and decomposition. He specified the relationships between vegetation and the environment. He showed t…

1823 CE

#669

Recherches chimiques sur les corps gras d’origine animale.

A classic study of animal fats. Chevreul discovered that fats are composed of fatty acids and glycerol.

1815 CE

#668.2

Recherches chimiques sur plusieurs corps gras, et particulièrement sur leurs combinations avec les calculs. Cinquième mémoire. Des corps qu’on a appelés adipocire, c’est-à-dire, de la substance cristallisée des calculs biliaires humains, du spermacéti et de la substance grasse des cadavres.

Chevreul characterized cholesterol.

1884 CE

#14278

Recherches sur la conductibilité galvanique des electrolytes. 1 & 2.

Arrhenius first published the theory of electrolytic dissociation in his doctoral thesis of 1884. In 1903 he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the a…

1968 CE

#13935

Reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from electron micrographs.

Klug and deRosier invented methods for two-dimensional and three-dimensional digital image processing of electron microscope images. The latter method provided the theory behind the development of computed tomography …

1973 CE

#14241

Regulation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase activity in human fibroblasts by lipoproteins.

Goldstein and Brown discovered that human cells have low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors that remove cholesterol from the blood and that when LDL receptors are not present in sufficient numbers, individuals develo…

1979 CE

#6901

Resolution of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system from reticulocytes: a component that interacts with ATP.

Discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. The paper is available at doi:10.1073/pnas.76.7.3107,PMC 383772, PMID 290989. See also Hershko, A.; Ciechanover, A.; Heller, H.; Haas, A.L.; Rose, I.A. (1980), "Pro…

1922 CE

#961

Respiration.

An account of the work of the Oxford School of Physiology, in particular the Pike’s Peak expedition (No. 957). Second edition, 1935, with J. G. Priestley.

1982 CE

#13932

Self-splicing RNA: Autoexcision and autocyclization of the ribosomal RNA intervening sequence of tetrahymena.

Discovery of ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes). Cech discovered that RNA itself could cut strands of RNA, suggesting that life might have started as RNA. "In the 1970s, Cech had been studying the splicing of RNA in…

1878 CE

#3768

Specimens illustrative of the pathology of lymphadenoma and leucocythemia

Greenfield also drew attention to the giant cells in lymphadenoma, which later became known as “Dorothy Reed’s giant cells” (see No. 3780).

1994 CE

#14314

Structure at 2.8 Â resolution of F1-ATPase from bovine heart mitochondria.

Walker used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of ATP synthase (ATPase or adenosine triphosphatase). In 1997 Walker shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul Boyer and Jens C. Skou “for their e…

1960 CE

#14283

Structure of haemoglobin: A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 5.5-A. resolution, obtained by X-ray analysis.

Solution of the structure of hemoglobin, a protein with 10,000 atoms. This was the culmination of 30 years of research by Perutz. Order of authorship in the original paper: Perutz, Rossmann, Culis, Muirhead, Will, Nor…

2000 CE

#13952

Structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit.

Ramakrishnan and colleagues determined the complete molecular structure of the 30S subunit of the ribosome and its complexes with several antibiotics. " The Abstract: "Genetic information encoded in messenger RNA is t…

1985 CE

#11060

Structure of the protein subunit in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3 Å resolution.

Discovery of the three-dimensional structure of a protein complex found in certain photosynthetic bacteria, called the photosynthetic reaction center. This was the first elucidation of the 3D crystal structure of any …

1924 CE

#747

Studies in nuclein metabolism. II. The isolation of a nucleotide from human blood.

Jackson demonstrated the existence of pentose nucleotides in normal blood.

1952 CE

#3108.2

Studies on condensed pyrimidine system. IX. The synthesis of some 6-substituted purines.

Synthesis of 6-mercaptopurine. In 1988 Gertrude Elion shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George Hitchings and Sir James Black “for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment.…

1958 CE

#752.6

Studies on polynucleotides. I. A new and general method for the chemical synthesis of the C5'-C3' intemucleotide linkage. Synthesis of deoxyribo-dinucleotides.

In 1968 Khorana shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with R. W. Holley and M. W. Nirenberg "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis." H. G. Khorana, T. M. Jacob, …