Facets

1971 CE

#13958

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs.

In 1982 Vane shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sune Bergström and Bengt Samuelsson for "their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances."

1957 CE

#14250

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan as reserpine rntagonists.

Carlsson demonstrated that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain and not just a precursor for norepinephrine. Digital facsimile from nature.com at this link. In 2000 Arvid Carlsson shared the Nobel Prize in Phy…

1964 CE

#1931.5

A new adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist.

Development of Propranolol, the first beta-blocker effectively used in the treatment of coronary heart disease and hypertension. R. G. Shanks, L. H. Smith and A. C. Dornhorst. In 1988 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or …

1948 CE

#1929.4

A study of the adrenotropic receptors.

Described the concept of α and β adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system, and placed specific receptors into pharmacologic mechanisms.

1937 CE

#1925

Action protectrice des éthers phénoliques au cours de l’intoxication histaminique.

First description of structure and action of an antihistamine. In 1957 Bovet was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of …

1856 CE

#2079

Analyse physiologique des propriétés des systèmes musculaires et nerveux au moyen de curare.

Bernard paralysed motor nerve-endings with curare and demonstrated the independent excitability of muscle. He showed that curare acted by stopping the transmission of impulses from motor nerves to voluntary muscles.

1675 CE–1679 CE

#536

Anatome plantarum.

Malpighi was the founder of microscopic anatomy and a pioneer in the study of plant development. He approached the subject through the study of plant tissues. His Appendix adds to the work on chick embryology Malpighi…

1979 CE

#12631

Avermectins, new family of potent anthelminthic agents, efficacy of the B1a component.

Campbell and colleagues reported unprecedented antiparasitic effects of the agent in vivo, and that the "B1a" component of the molecule was most effective as a single oral dose. (Order of authorship in the original pu…

1979 CE

#12630

Avermectins, new family of potent anthelmintic agents: Producing organism and fermentation.

The authors, lead by Omura, announced the discovery of Streptomyces avermilitis. They described the structure of avermectin, and reported preliminary observations that this drug is antiparasitic. (Order of authorship …

1949 CE

#1930

Bradykinin, a hypotensive and smooth muscle stimulating factor releases from plasma globulin by snake venoms and by trypsin.

Discovery of bradykinin. With W. T. Beraldo and G. Rosenfeld.

1933 CE

#1924.2

Cellule enterocromaffini e cellule basigranulose acidofile nei vertebrati. (Ricerche istochimiche.)

Vialli and Erspamer reported “enteramine”, which Erspamer and B. Asero (Nature, Lond., 1952, 169, 800-01) found to be identical with 5-hydroxytryptamine, isolated and named serotonin by M. M. Rapport et al…

1975 CE

#2578.43

Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity.

Hybridomas. In 1984 Köhler and Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Niels K. Jerne, "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the disco…

1902 CE

#2590

De l’action anaphylactique de certains venins.

First full description of the phenomenon of “anaphylaxis,” the name of which was coined by Richet. Abbreviated English translation in Bibel, Milestones of immunology (1988). In 1913, Richet was awarded the…

1855 CE

#1995

De l’électrisation localisée et de son application à la physiologie, à la pathologie, et à la thérapeutique.

Duchenne classified the electrophysiology of the entire muscular system and summed up his findings in the above work. The application of his results to pathological conditions marks him as the founder of electrotherap…

1536 CE

#10961

De medicamentis empiricis physicis ac rationalibus liber.... Edited by Janus Cornarius. Item Claudii Galeni libri novem nunc primum Latini facti.... Jani Cornarii.

The Gallo-Roman physician Marcellus was born in Bordeaux. He may have served as magister officiorum under Theodosius I, or may have been royal physician. Sarton (Introduction to the history of science I, 391) consider…

1756 CE

#11607

Deux mémoires sur le mouvement du sang, et sur les effets de la saignée, fondés sur des experiences faites sur des animaux.

In these memoirs Haller described the results of 235 vivisections. Haller has been called "the founder of modern haemodynamics." "The myogenic theory of the heartbeat can be traced to Haller, who concluded on the basi…

1857 CE

#1996

Die Electricität in der Medicin.

Ziemssen confirmed Remak’s discovery of the motor points, established their exact location, and published exact instructions for finding the motor points for stimulating the various muscles of the body.

1916 CE

#1904

Digitaliswirkung am isolierten Vorhof des Frosches.

An important analysis of the action of digitalis on the isolated heart.

1930 CE

#1920

Digoxin, a new digitalis glucoside.

Isolation of digoxin from Digitalis lanata.

1935 CE

#1949

Ein Beitrag zur Chemotherapie der bakteriellen Infektionen.

Introduction of Prontosil, the first drug containing sulfanilamide. In 1939 Domagk was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil."

1958 CE

#1931.6

Enzymatic O-methylation of epinephrine and other catechols.

The authors discovered the enzyme "COMT" or cathecol-O-methyltransferase, and determined that it was crucial in the methylation and inactivation of adrenergic and other catecholamine type neurotransmitters. (Thanks to…

1883 CE

#1875

Grundriss der Arzneimittellehre.

Schmiedeberg, leading German pharmacologist, was professor at Dorpat and Strasburg. Among his many valuable investigations may be mentioned his study of the effect of drugs on the circulation.

1590 CE

#2244

Historia natural y moral de las Indias.

One of the earliest detailed and realistic descriptions of the New World. Acosta hypothesized that the indigenous peoples of Latin America had migrated from Asia. He also divided the native peoples into three barbaria…

1983 CE

#12632

Ivermectin: A potent new antiparasitic agent.

Abstract "Ivermectin is the 22,23-dihydro derivative of avermectin B1, a macrocyclic lactone produced by an actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis. It is active at extremely low dosage against a wide variety of nemato…

1857 CE

#1863

Leçons sur les effets des substances toxiques et médicamenteuses.

Bernard included a summary of his experiments with curare in the Leçons to establish his priority in researching its effects. He demonstrated in these experiments the susceptibility of the nerve-muscle preparat…

2015 CE

#14260

NOBEL LECTURE: Discovery of Artemisinin - A gift from traditional Chinese medicine to the world.

In 1972 Tu Youyou discovered Artemisinin, the standard treatment worldwide for P. falciparum malaria as well as malaria due to other species of Plasmodium. Artemisinin is extracted from Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood…

1896 CE

#2000

Om anvendelse medicinen af koncentrerede kemiske lysstraaler.

Finsen was the founder of modern phototherapy. He demonstrated the value of invisible light, the actinic or chemical ray, the ultra-violet ray, as therapeutic measures. Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at…

1913 CE

#849

On the action of drugs and the function of the anterior lymph hearts in cardiectomized frogs.

Abel was one of America’s most distinguished pharmacologists. See A. M. Harvey. "Pharmacology’s giant," Johns Hopk. med. J., 1974, 135, 245-58.

1929 CE

#1933

On the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae.

Discovery of the growth-inhibiting action of Penicillium on certain bacteria. In 1945 Fleming shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey "for the discovery of …

1914 CE

#850

On the influence of the lymph hearts upon the action of convulsant drugs in cardiectomized frogs. II.

1940 CE

#1934

Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent.

Proof of the therapeutic action in vivo of penicillin against streptococcal and other bacterial infections. Building upon Fleming’s work (No. 1933 and 10784), the consequences of which had originally been widely…

1856 CE

#2078

Physiologische Untersuchungen über die Wirkung einiger Gifte.

First investigation of the effects of poisons on muscular contraction.

1944 CE

#1935

Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Introduction of streptomycin. Order of authorship: Schatz, Gregory, Waksman. In 1952 Waksman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for ingenious, systematic, and successful studies of the soil microbe…

1907 CE

#1895.1

Synthese des Imidazolyläthylamins.

Synthesis of histamine.

1925 CE

#1912

The action and uses in medicine of digitalis and its allies.

1949 CE

#5727

The pharmacological actions of polymethylene bistrimethyl-ammonium salts.

Introduction of hexamethonium bromide.

1944 CE

#1928.3

Über Konstitution und toxische Wirkung von natürlichen und neuen synthetischen insektentötenden Stoffen.

Müller introduced Dichlordiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT) as an insecticide. With H. Martin and P. Läuger. In 1948 Müller received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the high ef…

1918 CE–1919 CE

#4806

Ueber die Einwirkung der Malaria auf die progressive Paralyse.

In 1917 Wagner von Jauregg returned to the idea of the inoculation of paretics with malaria to induce pyrexia, first proposed by him in 1887 (Ueber die Einwirkung fieberhafter Erkrankungen auf Psychosen, Jb. Psychiat.…

1871 CE

#821

Untersuchungen über einige Giftwirkungen am Froschherzen.

First investigation of the effect of poisons on the frog’s heart. In some cases Schmiedeberg found that stimulation of the vagus after administration of poisons produced acceleration of the heart rate.

1727 CE–1733 CE

#765

Vegetable staticks: Or, an account of some statical experiments on the sap in vegetables. Statical essays, containing haemastaticks. 2 vols.

Hales initiated a new stage in physiological experimentation with his "statical" methods, which were characterized by precise quantitative measurements, repetition and the used of controls, and were based on the assum…

1801 CE

#1988.1

Versuche des Galvanismus zur Heilung einiger Krankheiten.

Grapengiesser was the first physician to use Volta’s “pile”, the first battery, which Volta first described in print in 1800. Grapengiesser “noted that in paralyzed muscle excitability could be…